What material are most pistons made from in reciprocating engines?

Most pistons in reciprocating engines are made from aluminum alloy due to several advantageous properties. Aluminum alloys are lightweight, which contributes to the overall efficiency of the engine by reducing weight and allowing for better power-to-weight ratios. Additionally, aluminum has excellent thermal conductivity, enabling it to manage heat effectively during engine operation, which is essential for maintaining performance and longevity.

The strength-to-weight ratio of aluminum alloys makes them suitable for the high-stress environment within an engine. These alloys can withstand the thermal and mechanical stresses encountered without adding excessive weight. Furthermore, aluminum pistons can be produced using various manufacturing processes, such as forging and casting, which allows for flexibility in design and production.

Overall, the selection of aluminum alloy for pistons aligns with the needs of modern reciprocating engines, balancing performance, reliability, and weight considerations.