What does a malfunctioning governor typically affect in a constant-speed propeller system?

In a constant-speed propeller system, the governor plays a critical role in controlling the blade pitch of the propeller. The primary function of the governor is to maintain the desired engine RPM by adjusting the pitch of the propeller blades—essentially increasing or decreasing the angle of the blades relative to the airflow depending on the engine's power requirements.

When the governor malfunctions, its ability to adjust the blade pitch is compromised. This can lead to improper pitch settings that either don't allow the propeller to increase thrust when needed or cause it to decrease thrust unexpectedly, affecting the aircraft's performance during various phases of flight, such as takeoff or climb. Consequently, a malfunctioning governor can lead to an inability to maintain a stable engine RPM, resulting in reduced control and efficiency of the powerplant and propeller system.

While the other options relate to engine operation, they do not directly connect to the specific function of the governor as it pertains to a constant-speed propeller. Fuel mixture quality, for instance, is primarily the responsibility of the carburetor or fuel injection system, exhaust gas flow is linked to various engine parameters and performance but not directly influenced by the governor or its pitch control functions, and while engine RPM stability is affected, it is more